Revisional Breast Surgery Louisville

Breast Revision Surgery In Louisville, Lexington, Kentucky

Indications

Sometimes, despite the best efforts and intentions of your primary plastic surgeon, the outcome of a breast enhancement surgery may not be what you had expected. Breast implants are one of the most commonly performed plastic surgery procedures in the US and, although rare, sometimes the surgery may need to be re-done with new implants of a different size, shape, or type.

As one of the most accomplished plastic surgeon in Louisville, KY, Dr. Salzman is often consulted in these situations to re-do and improve upon the outcome of a prior breast implant procedure. Some examples of reasons that patients may want to have their breast implants re-done include:

  • Location: Implants that have migrated too low, remained too high, are too close together or are too far apart
  • Feel: Breast implants that feel too firm because of rupture or capsular contracture
  • Appearance: Misalignment of the breast implant and the natural breast tissue

Procedure Description

Breast implant revision procedures are done under general anesthetic at our own on-site, AAAASF-certified surgery center. Dr. Salzman will consider the condition of your skin, the size of the implant, and the desired breast size of the patient. The thickness of the breast and the amount of scar tissue currently present will also be evaluated to plan a breast revision that will be successful in correcting the underlying problem. Depending on the reason for the revision, some of the possible surgical corrections will be explained below.

Change in breast implant size

If the breast implant needs to be enlarged to create a larger breast or to restore volume after weight loss or childbirth, it is quite simple to expand the pocket, sometimes cutting only capsule scar tissue. Placing a smaller implant may require a “beefing up” of the extra capsule (capsulorraphy) to keep the new implant in a more snug position, thus enhancing the shape of the breast.

Implants that have migrated too low

Breast implants that are very large in a small-framed woman may migrate lower on the chest wall, causing the nipple-areola complex to appear upward-pointing with excess breast skin below the nipple. Commonly, we see this when the first surgeon attempted to place an excessively-large implant, necessitating a lowering of the infra-mammary crease. The repair of this condition usually involves adding some type of extra support in the bottom of the breast implant pocket and returning the excess breast skin back to the chest wall. Simple suturing of the bottom of the capsule (capsulorraphy) is sometimes insufficient in fixing this condition. If the capsule tissues are sufficiently strong, a flap of the undersurface of the capsule, combined with the lining (fascia) of the surrounding muscles, can be used to add support to the bottom of the breast pocket. Sometimes, a smaller implant will help in reducing the weight placed on this new repair. In cases where insufficient capsule tissue exists, we will add an acellular dermal matrix such as Strattice™ (ADM). These ADM’s are tissues from pig or human sources, in which the cells have been removed in a manner that they will not provoke a rejection response from the patient. The patient’s own cells grow into the ADM, making it appear to be normal human tissue except with better strength and thickness than the native capsule.

During the recovery from this procedure, some tape may be placed at the bottom of the breast for a week or so, and the patient wears an underwire bra for the first six weeks post-operatively to take the weight off of the repair.

Breasts that are too close together

After breast surgery, the cleavage can be too narrow or, in extreme cases, the pockets for the breast implants may connect across the sternum area. This is sometimes referred to as a “uniboob.” This situation can be seen after sub-glandular or sub-muscular breast implant placement. Wide implants and over-dissection by the first surgeon in an attempt to narrow a wide inter-breast space can sometimes contribute to this condition.

We repair this in several ways. If the breast implants are in the sub-glandular position, we will move them into a new pocket under the muscle. Sub-muscular implants that are too close can sometimes be moved into a new pocket called the “neo-submuscular pocket.” Here, the new pocket is made above the top part of the old breast capsule but below the muscle. The attachment of this new pocket to the chest wall prevents the breast implant from migrating too far to the center. If insufficient local tissues are present or if wrinkles in the cleavage area are present as well, we would then add an ADM-like Strattice™.

Breasts that are too lateral (off to the side)

Over time, breast implants may migrate outwards, where patients say they fall to the sides while laying down or are “up in the armpit.” Several causes of this condition are known. First, most women’s chest walls are angulated outward rather than flat. Thus, as gravity acts upon the breast implants, they naturally fall away from the sternum. Also, incomplete muscle release during the first breast implant surgery may disallow the implant from moving inward towards the cleavage area, and repeated muscle contraction of the pectoralis may aggravate this condition by increasing the space between the breasts. Correction often involves releasing the proper amount of muscle on the sternal side of the pocket and capsulorraphy of the outside. Occasionally, we can make a new pocket in a place where the implant has not been previously placed as described above. In severe cases, we may place an ADM-like Strattice™ to buttress the repair done with local capsule tissues out to the side.

Wrinkling, dimpling, or edge visibility of implants

Saline implants, especially textured ones, will wrinkle more than gel-filled implants. Implants placed above the muscle in the sub-glandular pocket will have less overlying natural tissue coverage, and one can see more of the inconsistencies of the implant shell such as wrinkles or prominent implant edges. If these problems are due to a textured saline device, we would change the implant to a smooth gel breast implant and try to increase the tissue coverage by moving a sub-glandular implant to the sub-muscular pocket. If the pocket is already under the muscle but wrinkles or edges are still visible, then an ADM such as Strattice™ will need to be placed.

A new sub-muscular placement of a previously sub-glandular implant will take longer to have a pleasing shape than the initial breast augmentation procedure. Here, the new implant must push out the muscle and fill the overlying sub-glandular pocket. To learn more about how Dr. Salzman can address wrinkles, dimples, and edge visibility through revisional plastic surgery in Louisville, KY be sure to contact our office today!

Capsular Contracture

Capsular contracture is the inordinate tightening of the natural scar tissue that forms around a breast implant. During normal post-operative healing, thin, pliable scar tissue envelopes and anchors the breast implant in the pocket. It allows for movement and compression of the implant so that the implanted breast has a normal, breast-like feel. Infrequently, this scar capsule becomes thicker and less distensible, making the breast feel hard to the touch. The breast shape may be distorted as well. The absolute cause of capsular contracture in breast implants is not completely understood. Present concepts include the formation of a biofilm. A biofilm is caused by the bacterial presence in the capsule tissues, or the fluid, around a breast implant. Tiny amounts of common skin bacteria can gain access to this space and change their configuration such that the body cannot recognize them as such, and antibiotics have difficulty in eradicating them as well. These bacteria can gain access to the implant space months to years after the original breast implantation from innocuous sources like a tooth infection or bacteria in the bloodstream from some other type of infection. If caught early, capsular contracture can be treated non-surgically with Vitamin E, massage, Ultrasound, and a drug called Accolate. Several months are often required to see the results of non-invasive treatments. Should the capsular contracture not respond, then the surgical approach is warranted. The easiest treatment involves cutting into and releasing the capsule (capsulotomy). Since only scar tissue is being cut, recovery is quite rapid and no new scars on the breast are necessary. With extensive capsular contracture or capsular contracture that returns after smaller procedures like capsulotomy, we will likely recommend a procedure to remove the capsule tissue (capsulectomy) and/or move a new implant to a new space like described above. In extreme cases, not only can the scar tissue be removed but an ADM may also be placed to separate the implant from the old pocket. It seems that these ADMs are resistant to capsular contracture.

Ruptured or Leaking Silicone Gel Implants

Early generations of silicone gel implants were made with a less consistent and more fluid-like gel within a thinner silicone shell. Over time, these implants could rupture or leak, and the liquid silicone would come out of the shell but remain within the natural scar tissue capsule. It has been well established by multiple peer-reviewed journals and the FDA that systemic disease from these gel implant ruptures does not occur. (See website for more info.) If older silicone gel implants have changed in shape or feel or if routine mammography suggests a rupture or leak of the implant, then a surgical approach is the best course of action. We recommend removing all of the implant material and surrounding capsule at the very least. After that, there are many choices. Sometimes we will “beef up” space to better fit a new, more modern cohesive silicone gel implant and place it in the old sub-glandular pocket. This will improve the look more quickly than other choices but may have a slightly higher risk for capsular contracture recurrence. A better choice is to move the implant under the muscle and add an ADM sewn from the bottom of the pectoralis muscle to the bottom of the implant pocket in order to isolate the new implant from the old pocket. Like moving implants from the sub-glandular to the sub-muscular pocket for other treatments, this procedure takes the longest for the breast to have a pleasing shape. If, over time, the breasts have begun to sag in a way that they hang over the implant, which has stayed up in the chest wall, it may be necessary to add a breast lift as well.

Recuperation and Healing

The patient returns home in a light dressing, sometimes with a stretchy tape supporting the area of repair. All the sutures melt away on their own. Drains are infrequently used. Postoperative instructions about the type of bra and duration of limited activity vary tremendously, depending on what is being revised. Explicit instructions are given at the time of preoperative teaching.

Other Options

Breast implants may be removed and not replaced, or replaced with a different size or type of implant. Breast lifts may be done to even out the nipple location and/or elevate the breast to a more youthful chest wall position.

Note

The specific risks and the suitability of this procedure for a given individual can be determined only at the time of consultation. All surgical procedures have some degree of risk. Minor complications that do not affect the outcome occur occasionally. Major complications are unusual.

Consult our Top Plastic Surgeon in Louisville, KY

If you wish to learn more about Breast Revision plastic surgery in Louisville, KY, book a one-on-one consult with Dr. Marc J. Salzman today! Call our office at 502-425-5200 or fill out the consultation request form below!

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